Start with boundaries
Good boundaries make change cheaper. Define ownership, contracts and failure domains before optimizing individual components.
Scale the bottleneck
Do not distribute everything preemptively. Measure where latency, throughput or reliability actually break down, then scale the smallest useful boundary.
The knowisly principleChoose architecture based on the problem you need to solve, not the technology you happen to have available.
Design for operations
Observability, graceful degradation, retries and clear ownership are part of architecture, not afterthoughts.
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